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Blood circulation in the veins is scarcely assisted by the pumping function of the heart. The small residual pressure is no longer sufficient to transport the blood against gravity to the heart. An ingenious system, explained below, drives the column of blood, facilitating this 'uphill' flow:
A system of one way valves, spaced up the leg and opening in the direction of the heart, facilitates this flow. The venous valves seal the vein sections so that blood can only flow towards the heart. The blood essentially "steps" its way from the feet to the heart in stages.
These valves are assisted by strong calf muscles, which act as a kind of pump to help the blood return to the heart. Every time you use your leg muscles, by walking or exercising your feet and legs, you are helping the 'muscle pump' to do its job.
Learn more about "What happens when we have leg problems".
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